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Bernard de la Harpe or Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe〔''An explorer of Louisiana : Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe (1683-1765) par Marc de Villiers du Terrage; Samuel Dorris Dickinson; Ouachita Baptist University. Institute for Regional Studies.'' ; Arkadelphia, Ark. : Institute for Regional Studies, Ouachita Baptist University, 1983. 〕〔''Un Explorateur de la Louisiane Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe, 1683-1765 ; Marc de Villiers du Terrage, baron; Montréal : Bibliothèque nationale du Québec, 1988. 〕 (b. 4 Feb 1683, in Saint-Malo- d. 26 September 1765) was a French explorer who is credited with the discovery of Little Rock, Arkansas. He was the first known French explorer to set foot in the future state of Oklahoma. ==Explorations in Oklahoma== In 1718, La Harpe left France, along with 40 men, and established a trading post in April 1719 on the Red River near what is now Texarkana, Texas. This was near the center of the Caddo Confederacy. La Harpe hoped to establish trade relationships with more distant and unknown Indian tribes and, thus, on Aug 11, 1718, he set off with 9 men, including 3 Caddo guides, and 22 horses loaded with trade goods to visit a Wichita village to the northwest.〔”La Harpe, Jean Baptiste Benard de” ''Handbook of Texas Online''. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fla01.html, accessed 20 Dec 2012〕 (This same year, another French explorer, Claude Charles Du Tisne also journeyed west to visit a different Wichita village in Kansas.) La Harpe followed the Red River upstream, probably to the vicinity of present day Idabel, Oklahoma. He then turned north to cross the rugged east-west ridges of the Ouachita Mountains which rise more than one thousand feet above the intervening valleys. While in the mountains, La Harpe encountered an Osage war party and narrowly avoided a fight. He also found evidence that a "Cancey" (Apache) war party was in the area.〔Lewis, Anna. “La Harpe’s First Expedition in Oklahoma, 1718-1719.” ''Chronicles of Oklahoma''. Vol. 2, No. 4, December 1924, p. 335-340〕 On September 3, after 23 days of traveling, La Harpe and his party reached a large settlement. Opinions differ as to its location, but archaeological evidence points to it being located about 13 miles (21 km) south of Tulsa,Oklahoma near the western bank of the Arkansas River.〔Odell, George H. ''La Harpe’s Post''. Tuscaloosa: U of AL Press, 2002, pp. 38-40〕 The settlement La Harpe visited consisted of several villages overlooking the river. He estimated the population to be 6 or 7 thousand people of whom the majority were Tawakoni. Other Wichita sub-tribes, especially the Taovaya where also present. The presence of various Wichita tribes suggests that the village was a melting pot and probably a trade center for the entire region. The Wichita gave La Harpe a friendly reception, so friendly that two Black slaves in his group wanted to stay with the Indians rather than return with La Harpe. La Harpe noted that the Wichita had horses, were excellent farmers, and that game in the area was abundant. The Wichita told him they were cannibals. While in the Wichita village, a Chickasaw trader visited. This was disturbing to La Harpe as the Chickasaw, who lived in Mississippi, were allies of the British.〔Lewis, pp.342-347〕 La Harpe left to return to his starting point on Sept 13, 1719 and arrived on October 13. En route, an Indian man and woman traveling with him were killed by Apaches and La Harpe became lost in the mountains and had to eat his horses.〔Lewis, pp. 348-349〕 The importance of La Harpe's exploration is that it was one of the two first-known French contacts with the Wichita and Apache Indians and the first known French expedition to set foot in the future state of Oklahoma. La Harpe’s account of the expedition includes much information about the land he traversed and the Indians he met. The Wichita were probably grouped in such a large village as a defense from slave raids by the Osage and Apache. Within two or three decades the Wichita had moved south to the Red River where they became allies with the Comanche. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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